Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, established in 1940, is one of the oldest and largest neurosurgical practices in the United States. It has more than 15 board-certified neurosurgeons, over four physiatrists and a staff of physical therapists. The group provides surgical and nonsurgical treatment options for brain, spine and peripheral nerve disorders. Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates treats spine injuries, birth defects, neck and lower back pain, pituitary and brain tumors, and epilepsy and stroke conditions. It also offers diagnostic and treatment services for congenital spinal malformations, movement disorders, cysts and abnormal head shapes. The group performs disc replacement therapy, minimally invasive laminectomy, brain mapping, temporal lobectomy, corpus callosotomy, radiofrequency rhizolysis, microvascular decompression, angioplasty, and spinal reconstruction and transsphenoidal surgery procedures. Additionally, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates performs carotid endarterectomy, brain revascularization, nerve transposition, endoscopic intracranial and carpal tunnel surgery procedures. It provides disability, behavior, sports-related concussion and spasticity and dystonia management services. The group maintains a presence in Charlotte, N.C.